What to Know About the Leading Cause of Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss among adults over the age of 50. As the disease progresses, it can significantly impair tasks like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. But what exactly causes AMD, and how can regular eye exams help protect your vision?
 

Aging and Its Effects on the Retina

The most common cause of macular degeneration is aging. Over time, the tissues in the macula can thin and break down, resulting in gradual vision loss. This age-related change can be classified into two types:
 

• Dry AMD: The more common and slower-progressing form, caused by the thinning of macular tissues and accumulation of drusen (tiny yellow deposits).

• Wet AMD: Less common but more severe, this form involves abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, which can leak fluid or blood, leading to rapid vision loss.
   

Although aging is the primary risk factor, genetics, smoking, poor diet, and exposure to UV light can also contribute to the onset and progression of AMD.
 

Why Regular Eye Exams Matter

Macular degeneration often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. By the time vision changes become apparent, the damage may already be significant and irreversible. That’s why regular comprehensive eye exams are essential, especially for adults over 50 or those with risk factors.
 

During a dilated eye exam, your eye doctor can detect early signs of AMD, even before symptoms arise. Early detection allows for lifestyle recommendations, monitoring, or timely interventions that can slow disease progression and help preserve your vision.
 

Lifestyle Choices That May Help Prevent or Slow AMD

While age and genetics are uncontrollable risk factors for macular degeneration, certain lifestyle choices can play a significant role in reducing your risk or slowing the disease's progression. A diet rich in leafy greens, colorful fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids supports retinal health. Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, zinc, and lutein have also been shown to benefit eye health and may help protect against AMD. 
 

Avoiding smoking is especially important, as tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for the development and progression of macular degeneration. Wearing UV-protective sunglasses, managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure, and maintaining a healthy weight are additional proactive steps. These choices, combined with routine eye exams, provide a strong foundation for protecting your vision as you age.
 

Protect Your Vision with Proactive Eye Care

Macular degeneration can have a profound impact on your quality of life, but early detection and healthy habits can make a meaningful difference. By understanding the risk factors, staying informed about prevention, and making regular eye exams a priority, you can take control of your eye health and preserve your vision for the future.
 

Schedule your eye exam at Advanced Vision Family Eye Care and take the first step in protecting your vision against age-related macular degeneration. Visit our office in Bellingham, Washington, or call (360) 526-0075 to book an appointment today.